


TLS Working Group                                             J. Salowey
Internet-Draft                                              A. Choudhury
Intended status: Standards Track                               D. McGrew
Expires: August 29, 2007                             Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                       February 25, 2007


                RSA based AES-GCM Cipher Suites for TLS
                    draft-salowey-tls-rsa-aes-gcm-00

Status of this Memo

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   This memo describes the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
   in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) as a Transport Layer Security (TLS)
   authenticated encryption operation.  GCM provides both
   confidentiality and data origin authentication, can be efficiently
   implemented in hardware for speeds of 10 gigabits per second and
   above, and is also well-suited to software implementations.  This
   memo defines TLS ciphersuites that use AES-GCM with RSA.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

   2.  Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

   3.  RSA Based AES-GCM Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

   4.  TLS Versions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     6.1.  Perfect Forward Secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     6.2.  Counter Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements  . . . . . . . . . . 8



























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1.  Introduction

   This document describes the use of AES [AES]in Galois Counter Mode
   (GCM) [GCM] (AES-GCM) with RSA based key exchange as a ciphersuite
   for TLS.  This mechanism is not only efficient and secure, hardware
   implementations can achieve high speeds with low cost and low
   latency, because the mode can be pipelined.  Applications like
   CAPWAP, which uses DTLS, can benefit from the high-speed
   implementations when wireless termination points (WTPs) and
   controllers (ACs) have to meet requirements to support higher
   throughputs in the future.  AES-GCM has been specified as a mode that
   can be used with IPsec ESP [RFC4106] and 802.1AE MAC Security
   [IEEE8021AE].  It also is part of the NSA suite B ciphersuites for
   TLS [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]; however in order to meet Suite B
   requirements these ciphersuites require ECC base key exchange and TLS
   1.2.  The ciphersuites defined in this document are based on RSA
   which allows the use of AES-GCM in environments that have not
   deployed ECC algorithms and do not need to meet NSA Suite B
   requirements.  AES-GCM is an authenticated encryption with associated
   data (AEAD) operation, as used in TLS 1.2[I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].
   The ciphersuites defined in this draft may be used with DTLS defined
   in [RFC4347] and [I-D.ietf-tls-ctr].  This memo uses GCM in a way
   similar to [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb].


2.  Conventions Used In This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]


3.  RSA Based AES-GCM Cipher Suites

   The ciphersuites defined in this document are based on the the AES-
   GCM authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithms
   AEAD_AES_128_GCM and AEAD_AES_256_GCM described in
   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc].  Note that this specification uses a 128-bit
   authentication tag with GCM.  The following ciphersuites are defined:

      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD1,TBD1}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD2,TBD2}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD3,TBD3}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD4,TBD4}

   These ciphersuites make use of the AEAD capability in TLS 1.2
   [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].  The "nonce" SHALL be 12 bytes long and
   constructed from a salt and a counter as follows:



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             Struct{
                uint32 salt;
                uint64 counter;
             } GCMNonce

   The salt is derived form the TLS key block as follows:

            struct {
               case client:
                  uint32 client_write_IV;  // low order 32-bits
               case server:
                  uint32 server_write_IV;  // low order 32-bits
            } salt


   In the case of TLS the counter is the 64 bit sequence number.  In the
   case of DTLS the counter is formed from the concatenation of the 16-
   bit epoch with the 48-bit sequence number.

   The RSA and RSA-DHE key exchange is performed as defined in
   [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].

   Recall that an AEAD operation replaces the use of HMAC as a MAC, but
   not as a PRF for the purposes of key derivation.  Consequently, the
   hash function for the TLS PRF must be explicitly specified by the
   ciphersuite.  For TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 and
   TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 the hash function is SHA256.  For
   TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 and
   TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 the hash function is SHA384.


4.  TLS Versions

   These ciphersuites make use of the authenticated encryption with
   additional data defined in TLS 1.2 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].  They
   MUST NOT be negotiated in older versions of TLS.  Clients MUST NOT
   offer these cipher suites if they do not offer TLS 1.2 or later.
   Servers which select an earlier version of TLS MUST NOT select one of
   these cipher suites.  Because TLS has no way for the client to
   indicate that it supports TLS 1.2 but not earlier, a non-compliant
   server might potentially negotiate TLS 1.1 or earlier and select one
   of the cipher suites in this document.  Clients MUST check the TLS
   version and generate a fatal "illegal_parameter" alert if they detect
   an incorrect version.







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5.  IANA Considerations

   IANA has assigned the following values for the ciphersuites defined
   in this draft:

      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD1,TBD1}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD2,TBD2}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD3,TBD3}
      CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD4,TBD4}


6.  Security Considerations

6.1.  Perfect Forward Secrecy

   The perfect forward secrecy properties of RSA based TLS ciphersuites
   are discussed in the security analysis of [RFC4346].  It should be
   noted that only the ephemeral Diffie-Hellman based ciphersuites are
   capable of providing perfect forward secrecy.

6.2.  Counter Reuse

   AES-GCM security requires that the counter is never reused.  The IV
   construction in Section 3 is designed to prevent counter reuse.


7.  Acknowledgements

   This draft borrows heavily from [I-D.ietf-tls-ctr] and
   [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]


8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [AES]      National Institute of Standards and Technology,
              "Specification for the Advanced Encryption Standard
              (AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001.

   [GCM]      National Institute of Standards and Technology,
              "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
              Galois Counter Mode (GCM) for Confidentiality and
              Authentication", SP 800-38D, April 2006.

   [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis]
              Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The TLS Protocol Version
              1.2", draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-02 (work in progress),



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              October 2006.

   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc]
              McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
              Encryption", draft-mcgrew-auth-enc-01 (work in progress),
              October 2006.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4346]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.

   [RFC4347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
              Security", RFC 4347, April 2006.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-tls-ctr]
              Modadugu, N. and E. Rescorla, "AES Counter Mode Cipher
              Suites for TLS and DTLS", draft-ietf-tls-ctr-01 (work in
              progress), June 2006.

   [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]
              Salter, M. and E. Rescorla, "SuiteB CipherSuites for TLS",
              draft-rescorla-tls-suiteb-00 (work in progress),
              December 2006.

   [IEEE8021AE]
              Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "Media
              Access Control Security", IEEE Standard 802.1AE,
              August 2006.

   [RFC2246]  Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0",
              RFC 2246, January 1999.

   [RFC4106]  Viega, J. and D. McGrew, "The Use of Galois/Counter Mode
              (GCM) in IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4106, June 2005.












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Authors' Addresses

   Joseph Salowey
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   2901 3rd. Ave
   Seattle, WA  98121
   USA

   Email: jsalowey@cisco.com


   Abhijit Choudhury
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 W Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: abhijitc@cisco.com


   David McGrew
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 W Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: mcgrew@cisco.com
























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