/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 1996, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 2016, 2023, MariaDB Corporation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA

*****************************************************************************/

/**************************************************//**
@file btr/btr0pcur.cc
The index tree persistent cursor

Created 2/23/1996 Heikki Tuuri
*******************************************************/

#include "btr0pcur.h"
#include "buf0rea.h"
#include "rem0cmp.h"
#include "trx0trx.h"
#include "ibuf0ibuf.h"

/**************************************************************//**
Resets a persistent cursor object, freeing ::old_rec_buf if it is
allocated and resetting the other members to their initial values. */
void
btr_pcur_reset(
/*===========*/
	btr_pcur_t*	cursor)	/*!< in, out: persistent cursor */
{
	ut_free(cursor->old_rec_buf);
	memset(&cursor->btr_cur.page_cur, 0, sizeof(page_cur_t));
	cursor->old_rec_buf = NULL;
	cursor->old_rec = NULL;
	cursor->old_n_core_fields = 0;
	cursor->old_n_fields = 0;

	cursor->latch_mode = BTR_NO_LATCHES;
	cursor->pos_state = BTR_PCUR_NOT_POSITIONED;
}

/**************************************************************//**
The position of the cursor is stored by taking an initial segment of the
record the cursor is positioned on, before, or after, and copying it to the
cursor data structure, or just setting a flag if the cursor id before the
first in an EMPTY tree, or after the last in an EMPTY tree. NOTE that the
page where the cursor is positioned must not be empty if the index tree is
not totally empty! */
void
btr_pcur_store_position(
/*====================*/
	btr_pcur_t*	cursor, /*!< in: persistent cursor */
	mtr_t*		mtr)	/*!< in: mtr */
{
	page_cur_t*	page_cursor;
	buf_block_t*	block;
	rec_t*		rec;
	dict_index_t*	index;
	ulint		offs;

	ut_ad(cursor->pos_state == BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED);
	ut_ad(cursor->latch_mode != BTR_NO_LATCHES);

	block = btr_pcur_get_block(cursor);
	index = btr_cur_get_index(btr_pcur_get_btr_cur(cursor));

	page_cursor = btr_pcur_get_page_cur(cursor);

	rec = page_cur_get_rec(page_cursor);
	offs = rec - block->page.frame;
	ut_ad(block->page.id().page_no()
	      == page_get_page_no(block->page.frame));
	ut_ad(block->page.buf_fix_count());
	/* For spatial index, when we do positioning on parent
	buffer if necessary, it might not hold latches, but the
	tree must be locked to prevent change on the page */
	ut_ad(mtr->memo_contains_flagged(block, MTR_MEMO_PAGE_S_FIX
					 | MTR_MEMO_PAGE_X_FIX)
	      || (index->is_spatial()
		  && mtr->memo_contains_flagged(&index->lock, MTR_MEMO_X_LOCK
						| MTR_MEMO_SX_LOCK)));

	if (page_is_empty(block->page.frame)) {
		/* It must be an empty index tree; NOTE that in this case
		we do not store the modify_clock, but always do a search
		if we restore the cursor position */

		ut_a(!page_has_siblings(block->page.frame));
		ut_ad(page_is_leaf(block->page.frame));
		ut_ad(block->page.id().page_no() == index->page);

		if (page_rec_is_supremum_low(offs)) {
			cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_AFTER_LAST_IN_TREE;
		} else {
before_first:
			cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_BEFORE_FIRST_IN_TREE;
		}

		return;
	}

	if (page_rec_is_supremum_low(offs)) {
		rec = page_rec_get_prev(rec);
		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!rec || page_rec_is_infimum(rec))) {
			ut_ad("corrupted index" == 0);
			cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_AFTER_LAST_IN_TREE;
			return;
		}

		ut_ad(!page_rec_is_infimum(rec));
		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(rec_is_metadata(rec, *index))) {
#if 0 /* MDEV-22867 had to relax this */
			/* If the table is emptied during an ALGORITHM=NOCOPY
			DROP COLUMN ... that is not ALGORITHM=INSTANT,
			then we must preserve any instant ADD metadata. */
			ut_ad(index->table->instant
			      || block->page.id().page_no() != index->page);
#endif
			ut_ad(index->is_instant()
			      || block->page.id().page_no() != index->page);
			ut_ad(page_get_n_recs(block->page.frame) == 1);
			ut_ad(page_is_leaf(block->page.frame));
			ut_ad(!page_has_prev(block->page.frame));
			cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_AFTER_LAST_IN_TREE;
			return;
		}

		cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_AFTER;
	} else if (page_rec_is_infimum_low(offs)) {
		rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);

		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!rec)) {
			ut_ad("corrupted page" == 0);
			goto before_first;
		}

		if (rec_is_metadata(rec, *index)) {
			ut_ad(!page_has_prev(block->page.frame));
			rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);
			ut_ad(rec);
			if (!rec || page_rec_is_supremum(rec)) {
				goto before_first;
			}
		}

		cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_BEFORE;
	} else {
		cursor->rel_pos = BTR_PCUR_ON;
	}

	if (index->is_ibuf()) {
		ut_ad(!index->table->not_redundant());
		cursor->old_n_fields = uint16_t(rec_get_n_fields_old(rec));
	} else {
		cursor->old_n_fields = static_cast<uint16>(
			dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index));
		if (index->is_spatial() && !page_rec_is_leaf(rec)) {
			ut_ad(dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree_nonleaf(index)
			      == DICT_INDEX_SPATIAL_NODEPTR_SIZE);
			/* For R-tree, we have to compare
			the child page numbers as well. */
			cursor->old_n_fields
				= DICT_INDEX_SPATIAL_NODEPTR_SIZE + 1;
		}
	}

	cursor->old_n_core_fields = index->n_core_fields;
	cursor->old_rec = rec_copy_prefix_to_buf(rec, index,
						 cursor->old_n_fields,
						 &cursor->old_rec_buf,
						 &cursor->buf_size);
	cursor->old_page_id = block->page.id();
	cursor->modify_clock = block->modify_clock;
}

/**************************************************************//**
Copies the stored position of a pcur to another pcur. */
void
btr_pcur_copy_stored_position(
/*==========================*/
	btr_pcur_t*	pcur_receive,	/*!< in: pcur which will receive the
					position info */
	btr_pcur_t*	pcur_donate)	/*!< in: pcur from which the info is
					copied */
{
	ut_free(pcur_receive->old_rec_buf);
	memcpy(pcur_receive, pcur_donate, sizeof(btr_pcur_t));

	if (pcur_donate->old_rec_buf) {

		pcur_receive->old_rec_buf = (byte*)
			ut_malloc_nokey(pcur_donate->buf_size);

		memcpy(pcur_receive->old_rec_buf, pcur_donate->old_rec_buf,
		       pcur_donate->buf_size);
		pcur_receive->old_rec = pcur_receive->old_rec_buf
			+ (pcur_donate->old_rec - pcur_donate->old_rec_buf);
	}

	pcur_receive->old_n_core_fields = pcur_donate->old_n_core_fields;
	pcur_receive->old_n_fields = pcur_donate->old_n_fields;
}

/** Optimistically latches the leaf page or pages requested.
@param pcur        persistent cursor
@param latch_mode  BTR_SEARCH_LEAF, ...
@param mtr         mini-transaction
@return true on success */
TRANSACTIONAL_TARGET
static bool btr_pcur_optimistic_latch_leaves(btr_pcur_t *pcur,
                                             btr_latch_mode *latch_mode,
                                             mtr_t *mtr)
{
  static_assert(BTR_SEARCH_PREV & BTR_SEARCH_LEAF, "");
  static_assert(BTR_MODIFY_PREV & BTR_MODIFY_LEAF, "");
  static_assert((BTR_SEARCH_PREV ^ BTR_MODIFY_PREV) ==
                (RW_S_LATCH ^ RW_X_LATCH), "");

  buf_block_t *const block=
    buf_page_optimistic_fix(pcur->btr_cur.page_cur.block, pcur->old_page_id);

  if (!block)
    return false;

  if (*latch_mode == BTR_SEARCH_LEAF || *latch_mode == BTR_MODIFY_LEAF)
    return buf_page_optimistic_get(block, rw_lock_type_t(*latch_mode),
                                   pcur->modify_clock, mtr);

  ut_ad(*latch_mode == BTR_SEARCH_PREV || *latch_mode == BTR_MODIFY_PREV);
  const rw_lock_type_t mode=
    rw_lock_type_t(*latch_mode & (RW_X_LATCH | RW_S_LATCH));

  uint64_t modify_clock;
  uint32_t left_page_no;
  const page_t *const page= block->page.frame;
  {
    transactional_shared_lock_guard<block_lock> g{block->page.lock};
    modify_clock= block->modify_clock;
    left_page_no= btr_page_get_prev(page);
  }

  const auto savepoint= mtr->get_savepoint();
  mtr->memo_push(block, MTR_MEMO_BUF_FIX);

  if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(modify_clock != pcur->modify_clock))
  {
  fail:
    mtr->rollback_to_savepoint(savepoint);
    return false;
  }

  buf_block_t *prev;
  if (left_page_no != FIL_NULL)
  {
    prev= buf_page_get_gen(page_id_t(pcur->old_page_id.space(),
                                     left_page_no), block->zip_size(),
                           mode, nullptr, BUF_GET_POSSIBLY_FREED, mtr);
    if (!prev ||
        page_is_comp(prev->page.frame) != page_is_comp(block->page.frame) ||
        memcmp_aligned<2>(block->page.frame, prev->page.frame, 2) ||
        memcmp_aligned<2>(block->page.frame + PAGE_HEADER + PAGE_INDEX_ID,
                          prev->page.frame + PAGE_HEADER + PAGE_INDEX_ID, 8))
      goto fail;
  }
  else
    prev= nullptr;

  mtr->upgrade_buffer_fix(savepoint, mode);

  if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(block->modify_clock != modify_clock) ||
      UNIV_UNLIKELY(block->page.is_freed()) ||
      (prev &&
       memcmp_aligned<4>(FIL_PAGE_NEXT + prev->page.frame,
                         FIL_PAGE_OFFSET + page, 4)))
    goto fail;

  return true;
}

/** Restores the stored position of a persistent cursor bufferfixing
the page and obtaining the specified latches. If the cursor position
was saved when the
(1) cursor was positioned on a user record: this function restores the
position to the last record LESS OR EQUAL to the stored record;
(2) cursor was positioned on a page infimum record: restores the
position to the last record LESS than the user record which was the
successor of the page infimum;
(3) cursor was positioned on the page supremum: restores to the first
record GREATER than the user record which was the predecessor of the
supremum.
(4) cursor was positioned before the first or after the last in an
empty tree: restores to before first or after the last in the tree.
@param latch_mode  BTR_SEARCH_LEAF, ...
@param mtr         mini-transaction
@return btr_pcur_t::SAME_ALL cursor position on user rec and points on
the record with the same field values as in the stored record,
btr_pcur_t::SAME_UNIQ cursor position is on user rec and points on the
record with the same unique field values as in the stored record,
btr_pcur_t::NOT_SAME cursor position is not on user rec or points on
the record with not the samebuniq field values as in the stored */
TRANSACTIONAL_TARGET
btr_pcur_t::restore_status
btr_pcur_t::restore_position(btr_latch_mode restore_latch_mode, mtr_t *mtr)
{
	dict_index_t*	index;
	dtuple_t*	tuple;
	page_cur_mode_t	mode;
	page_cur_mode_t	old_mode;
	mem_heap_t*	heap;

	ut_ad(mtr->is_active());
	ut_ad(pos_state == BTR_PCUR_WAS_POSITIONED
	      || pos_state == BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED);

	index = btr_cur_get_index(&btr_cur);

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY
	    (rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_AFTER_LAST_IN_TREE
	     || rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_BEFORE_FIRST_IN_TREE)) {
		/* In these cases we do not try an optimistic restoration,
		but always do a search */

		if (btr_cur.open_leaf(rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_BEFORE_FIRST_IN_TREE,
				      index, restore_latch_mode, mtr)
		    != DB_SUCCESS) {
			return restore_status::CORRUPTED;
		}

		latch_mode =
			BTR_LATCH_MODE_WITHOUT_INTENTION(restore_latch_mode);
		pos_state = BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED;

		return restore_status::NOT_SAME;
	}

	ut_a(old_rec);
	ut_a(old_n_core_fields);
	ut_a(old_n_core_fields <= index->n_core_fields);
	ut_a(old_n_fields);

	static_assert(BTR_SEARCH_PREV == (4 | BTR_SEARCH_LEAF), "");
	static_assert(BTR_MODIFY_PREV == (4 | BTR_MODIFY_LEAF), "");

	switch (restore_latch_mode | 4) {
	case BTR_SEARCH_PREV:
	case BTR_MODIFY_PREV:
		/* Try optimistic restoration. */
		if (btr_pcur_optimistic_latch_leaves(this, &restore_latch_mode,
						     mtr)) {
			pos_state = BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED;
			latch_mode = restore_latch_mode;

			if (rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_ON) {
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
				const rec_t*	rec;
				rec_offs	offsets1_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
				rec_offs	offsets2_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
				rec_offs*	offsets1 = offsets1_;
				rec_offs*	offsets2 = offsets2_;
				rec = btr_pcur_get_rec(this);

				rec_offs_init(offsets1_);
				rec_offs_init(offsets2_);

				heap = mem_heap_create(256);
				ut_ad(old_n_core_fields
				      == index->n_core_fields);

				offsets1 = rec_get_offsets(
					old_rec, index, offsets1,
					old_n_core_fields,
					old_n_fields, &heap);
				offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(
					rec, index, offsets2,
					index->n_core_fields,
					old_n_fields, &heap);

				ut_ad(!cmp_rec_rec(old_rec,
						   rec, offsets1, offsets2,
						   index));
				mem_heap_free(heap);
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
				return restore_status::SAME_ALL;
			}
			/* This is the same record as stored,
			may need to be adjusted for BTR_PCUR_BEFORE/AFTER,
			depending on search mode and direction. */
			if (btr_pcur_is_on_user_rec(this)) {
				pos_state
					= BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED_OPTIMISTIC;
			}
			return restore_status::NOT_SAME;
		}
	}

	/* If optimistic restoration did not succeed, open the cursor anew */

	heap = mem_heap_create(256);

	tuple = dtuple_create(heap, old_n_fields);

	dict_index_copy_types(tuple, index, old_n_fields);

	rec_copy_prefix_to_dtuple(tuple, old_rec, index,
				  old_n_core_fields,
				  old_n_fields, heap);
	ut_ad(dtuple_check_typed(tuple));

	/* Save the old search mode of the cursor */
	old_mode = search_mode;

	switch (rel_pos) {
	case BTR_PCUR_ON:
		mode = PAGE_CUR_LE;
		break;
	case BTR_PCUR_AFTER:
		mode = PAGE_CUR_G;
		break;
	case BTR_PCUR_BEFORE:
		mode = PAGE_CUR_L;
		break;
	default:
		MY_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE();
		mode = PAGE_CUR_UNSUPP;
	}

	if (btr_pcur_open_with_no_init(tuple, mode, restore_latch_mode,
				       this, mtr) != DB_SUCCESS) {
		mem_heap_free(heap);
		return restore_status::CORRUPTED;
        }

	/* Restore the old search mode */
	search_mode = old_mode;

	ut_ad(rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_ON
	      || rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_BEFORE
	      || rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_AFTER);
	rec_offs offsets[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
	rec_offs_init(offsets);
	restore_status ret_val= restore_status::NOT_SAME;
	if (rel_pos == BTR_PCUR_ON && btr_pcur_is_on_user_rec(this)) {
		ulint n_matched_fields= 0;
		if (!cmp_dtuple_rec_with_match(
		      tuple, btr_pcur_get_rec(this), index,
		      rec_get_offsets(btr_pcur_get_rec(this), index, offsets,
			index->n_core_fields, ULINT_UNDEFINED, &heap),
		      &n_matched_fields)) {

			/* We have to store the NEW value for the modify clock,
			since the cursor can now be on a different page!
			But we can retain the value of old_rec */

			old_page_id = btr_cur.page_cur.block->page.id();
			modify_clock = btr_cur.page_cur.block->modify_clock;

			mem_heap_free(heap);

			return restore_status::SAME_ALL;
		}
		if (n_matched_fields >= index->n_uniq
		    /* Unique indexes can contain "NULL" keys, and if all
		    unique fields are NULL and not all tuple
		    fields match to record fields, then treat it as if
		    restored cursor position points to the record with
		    not the same unique key. */
		    && !(index->n_nullable
			    && dtuple_contains_null(tuple, index->n_uniq)))
			  ret_val= restore_status::SAME_UNIQ;
	}

	mem_heap_free(heap);

	/* We have to store new position information, modify_clock etc.,
	to the cursor because it can now be on a different page, the record
	under it may have been removed, etc. */

	btr_pcur_store_position(this, mtr);

	return ret_val;
}

/*********************************************************//**
Moves the persistent cursor to the first record on the next page. Releases the
latch on the current page, and bufferunfixes it. Note that there must not be
modifications on the current page, as then the x-latch can be released only in
mtr_commit. */
dberr_t
btr_pcur_move_to_next_page(
/*=======================*/
	btr_pcur_t*	cursor,	/*!< in: persistent cursor; must be on the
				last record of the current page */
	mtr_t*		mtr)	/*!< in: mtr */
{
	ut_ad(cursor->pos_state == BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED);
	ut_ad(cursor->latch_mode != BTR_NO_LATCHES);
	ut_ad(btr_pcur_is_after_last_on_page(cursor));

	cursor->old_rec = nullptr;

	const page_t* page = btr_pcur_get_page(cursor);
	const uint32_t next_page_no = btr_page_get_next(page);

	switch (next_page_no) {
	case 0:
	case 1:
	case FIL_NULL:
		return DB_CORRUPTION;
	}

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(next_page_no == btr_pcur_get_block(cursor)
			  ->page.id().page_no())) {
		return DB_CORRUPTION;
	}

	dberr_t err;
        bool first_access = false;
	buf_block_t* next_block = btr_block_get(
		*cursor->index(), next_page_no,
		rw_lock_type_t(cursor->latch_mode & (RW_X_LATCH | RW_S_LATCH)),
		page_is_leaf(page), mtr, &err, &first_access);

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!next_block)) {
		return err;
	}

	const page_t* next_page = buf_block_get_frame(next_block);

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(memcmp_aligned<4>(next_page + FIL_PAGE_PREV,
					    page + FIL_PAGE_OFFSET, 4))) {
		return DB_CORRUPTION;
	}

	page_cur_set_before_first(next_block, btr_pcur_get_page_cur(cursor));

	ut_d(page_check_dir(next_page));

	const auto s = mtr->get_savepoint();
	mtr->rollback_to_savepoint(s - 2, s - 1);
	if (first_access) {
		buf_read_ahead_linear(next_block->page.id(), ibuf_inside(mtr));
	}
	return DB_SUCCESS;
}

MY_ATTRIBUTE((nonnull,warn_unused_result))
/*********************************************************//**
Moves the persistent cursor backward if it is on the first record of the page.
Commits mtr. Note that to prevent a possible deadlock, the operation
first stores the position of the cursor, commits mtr, acquires the necessary
latches and restores the cursor position again before returning. The
alphabetical position of the cursor is guaranteed to be sensible on
return, but it may happen that the cursor is not positioned on the last
record of any page, because the structure of the tree may have changed
during the time when the cursor had no latches. */
static
bool
btr_pcur_move_backward_from_page(
/*=============================*/
	btr_pcur_t*	cursor,	/*!< in: persistent cursor, must be on the first
				record of the current page */
	mtr_t*		mtr)	/*!< in: mtr */
{
	ut_ad(btr_pcur_is_before_first_on_page(cursor));
	ut_ad(!btr_pcur_is_before_first_in_tree(cursor));

	const auto latch_mode = cursor->latch_mode;
	ut_ad(latch_mode == BTR_SEARCH_LEAF || latch_mode == BTR_MODIFY_LEAF);

	btr_pcur_store_position(cursor, mtr);

	mtr_commit(mtr);

	mtr_start(mtr);

	static_assert(BTR_SEARCH_PREV == (4 | BTR_SEARCH_LEAF), "");
	static_assert(BTR_MODIFY_PREV == (4 | BTR_MODIFY_LEAF), "");

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(cursor->restore_position(
				  btr_latch_mode(4 | latch_mode), mtr)
			  == btr_pcur_t::CORRUPTED)) {
		return true;
	}

	buf_block_t* block = mtr->at_savepoint(0);
	ut_ad(block == btr_pcur_get_block(cursor));
	const page_t* const page = block->page.frame;
	/* btr_pcur_optimistic_latch_leaves() will acquire a latch on
	the preceding page if one exists;
	if that fails, btr_cur_t::search_leaf() invoked by
	btr_pcur_open_with_no_init() will also acquire a latch on the
	succeeding page. Our caller only needs one page latch. */
	ut_ad(mtr->get_savepoint() <= 3);

	if (page_has_prev(page)) {
		buf_block_t* const left_block = mtr->at_savepoint(1);
		ut_ad(!memcmp_aligned<4>(page + FIL_PAGE_OFFSET,
					 left_block->page.frame
					 + FIL_PAGE_NEXT, 4));
		if (btr_pcur_is_before_first_on_page(cursor)) {
			/* Reposition on the previous page. */
			page_cur_set_after_last(left_block,
						&cursor->btr_cur.page_cur);
			/* Release the right sibling. */
			mtr->rollback_to_savepoint(0, 1);
			block = left_block;
		}
	}

	mtr->rollback_to_savepoint(1);
	ut_ad(block == mtr->at_savepoint(0));
	cursor->latch_mode = latch_mode;
	cursor->old_rec = nullptr;
	return false;
}

/*********************************************************//**
Moves the persistent cursor to the previous record in the tree. If no records
are left, the cursor stays 'before first in tree'.
@return TRUE if the cursor was not before first in tree */
bool
btr_pcur_move_to_prev(
/*==================*/
	btr_pcur_t*	cursor,	/*!< in: persistent cursor; NOTE that the
				function may release the page latch */
	mtr_t*		mtr)	/*!< in: mtr */
{
	ut_ad(cursor->pos_state == BTR_PCUR_IS_POSITIONED);
	ut_ad(cursor->latch_mode != BTR_NO_LATCHES);

	cursor->old_rec = nullptr;

	if (btr_pcur_is_before_first_on_page(cursor)) {
		return (!btr_pcur_is_before_first_in_tree(cursor)
			&& !btr_pcur_move_backward_from_page(cursor, mtr));
	}

	return btr_pcur_move_to_prev_on_page(cursor) != nullptr;
}
